Incretin analogues and co-agonists
GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor agonists, including the lipidated long-acting analogues and the dual and triple co-agonists. 12 compounds in this class, 2,399 records.
Section 1
The specification
| Parameter | Limit | Where the limit came from |
|---|---|---|
| Purity by RP-HPLC | ≥ 97.0 % area | Set at the 3.1 th percentile of observed results for this class — low enough that ordinary material passes, high enough that a genuinely poor lot does not. Reviewed each quarter and last moved in 2025-Q1. |
| Water by Karl Fischer | ≤ 8.0 % | Lyophilised peptides routinely carry 2–6 % residual water. The limit sits above the normal range and below the point at which water displaces enough cake mass to move the recovered-mass figure by more than the label tolerance. |
| Counter-ion | ≤ 12.0 % | Derived from the stoichiometric maximum for a fully-protonated peptide of this class's typical basic-residue count, plus a margin. Above it, the salt is either non-stoichiometric or the cake contains free acid. |
| Bacterial endotoxin | ≤ 5.0 EU/mg | An index convention chosen so that the figure is comparable across records. It is not a pharmacopoeial limit: a real limit is dose-dependent and is computed per use from the K/M ratio. The endotoxin calculator does that calculation. |
| Mass accuracy | ± 15 ppm | Achievable accuracy depends on mass. This class's limit reflects both the instrument capability and the mass differences that must be resolved within it — see mass-accuracy calibration. |
Section 2
Compounds in this class
Per-compound thresholds override the class default where the chemistry requires it. Where a compound row differs from the class row above, the compound row wins.
| Compound | Monoisotopic Da | Purity spec | Water | Counter-ion | ppm | Records | Observed median |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 4111.0524 | 97.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 926 | 98.87 |
| Tirzepatide | 4810.4103 | 97.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 576 | 98.44 |
| Retatrutide | 4728.4871 | 96.5 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 496 | 98.41 |
| Liraglutide | 3748.9631 | 97.5 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 154 | 99.02 |
| Exenatide | 4183.9370 | 98.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 36 | 98.94 |
| Cagrilintide | 3961.3218 | 96.5 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 32 | 98.59 |
| Survodutide | 4764.5121 | 96.5 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 68 | 98.69 |
| Mazdutide | 4912.6408 | 96.5 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 33 | 98.11 |
| Pemvidutide | 4679.4014 | 96.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 35 | 98.41 |
| Glucagon | 3480.6194 | 98.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 10 | 98.78 |
| GIP (1-42) | 4980.5163 | 97.0 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 0 | n<3 |
| Pramlintide | 3947.1064 | 97.5 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 15 | 33 | 98.84 |
Section 3
What actually fails, and how often
A specification nobody fails is not a specification. These are the failure rates the thresholds above produce on the records the index holds.
| Parameter | Limit | Records outside | Rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purity | ≥ 97.0 % area | 73 | 3.04% | |
| Water | ≤ 8.0 % | 11 | 0.46% | |
| Counter-ion | ≤ 12.0 % | 4 | 0.17% | |
| Endotoxin | ≤ 5.0 EU/mg | 10 | 0.42% | |
| Mass accuracy | ± 15 ppm | 94 | 3.92% |