AssayIndex
Incretin analogues and co-agonists

Liraglutide

NN2211 · GLP-1 analogue (C16 palmitoyl) · C172H265N43O51 · monoisotopic 3748.9631 Da. The index holds 154 assay reports on this compound across 20 batches from 13 suppliers.

154 reports20 batchesmedian 99.02 %index spec 97.5 %
Section 1

Analytical fingerprint

Hand-authored chemistry. These properties describe the substance and do not change when a record is added.

Liraglutide is the cleanest of the acylated GLP-1 analogues in the index, largely because the chemistry is twenty years old and the des-palmitoyl impurity is trivially resolved — it elutes 3.4 min early, so integration ambiguity is rare and inter-lab agreement is the tightest of any incretin (limits of agreement ±0.31 pp). The compound is amphiphilic and self-associates into heptamers at neutral pH; that matters for the assay because injecting from a neutral diluent gives a fronting main peak. RG-2's 0.1 % TFA mobile phase suppresses it. Reconstituted liraglutide should never be brought near pH 4.6. Base peak [M+3H]3+ at m/z 1250.66.

Molecular formula
C172H265N43O51
Monoisotopic mass
3748.9631Da
Average mass
3751.20Da
Residues
31
Nominal retention (RG-2, 30 min)
17.28min
Retention window
0.40min
Counter-ion as usually shipped
either
Typical label claims
5 mg · 10 mg · 15 mg
Analytical difficulty (index scale)
1.15 — moderate
Purity is a defined quantity
YES
Section 2

Representative chromatogram

Drawn from this page's own medians. Not a scan, not an illustration, and not any single report.

01547309546426189 Liraglutide17.28 min · 99.02 % 13.8416.8020.43 same trace · ×200 vertical expansion, baseline-corrected · main peak off-scale reporting threshold 0.05 % area 05101520253035 Retention time (min) Response (mAU)
Figure 1. A representative Liraglutide trace on the index reference method RG-2, constructed from this page's own numbers: the main peak carries the index median purity of 99.02 % area at the nominal retention time of 17.28 min, and each impurity peak carries the median area the index has observed for that named species at its characteristic retention offset. It is not a scan of any single report — every individual record's own chromatogram is on its own page. The lower panel is the same trace at a stated vertical expansion, baseline-corrected, so the impurities are visible; the main peak runs off-scale there by design. Baseline noise is seeded from the compound slug.
Section 3

What the index has observed

Arithmetic over the 154 records the index holds. Aggregates on this page are computed over the records the index holds, which are not a random sample of the material on the market. Lots that get tested are lots someone chose to test. Read every figure here as a description of this dataset rather than as an estimate of a population.

Median purity 99.02% n=154
Interquartile range 1.08pp n=154
Minimum 96.45% n=154
Maximum 99.93% n=154
Pass rate vs spec 92.2% n=154
Median recovery vs claim 98.0% n=82
Median water 5.04% n=154
Median |mass error| 3.0ppm n=135
07142192.093.094.095.096.097.098.099.0100.092.00–92.25 %: n=092.25–92.50 %: n=092.50–92.75 %: n=092.75–93.00 %: n=093.00–93.25 %: n=093.25–93.50 %: n=093.50–93.75 %: n=093.75–94.00 %: n=094.00–94.25 %: n=094.25–94.50 %: n=094.50–94.75 %: n=094.75–95.00 %: n=095.00–95.25 %: n=095.25–95.50 %: n=095.50–95.75 %: n=095.75–96.00 %: n=096.00–96.25 %: n=096.25–96.50 %: n=196.50–96.75 %: n=396.75–97.00 %: n=397.00–97.25 %: n=497.25–97.50 %: n=197.50–97.75 %: n=597.75–98.00 %: n=698.00–98.25 %: n=698.25–98.50 %: n=1498.50–98.75 %: n=1698.75–99.00 %: n=1599.00–99.25 %: n=1999.25–99.50 %: n=1999.50–99.75 %: n=1999.75–100.00 %: n=23median 99.02 Purity (% area) Reports
Figure 2. Purity distribution across all 154 Liraglutide records. Dashed line is this compound's median (99.02 %); the solid vertical is the index acceptance specification for the incretin analogues and co-agonists class (97.5 %). Domain is fixed at 92–100 % on every purity histogram on this site so that compounds can be compared by eye — a wide distribution here is a hard compound, a narrow one is an easy one, and neither is a statement about the suppliers.
Section 4

By supplier

Suppliers with fewer than two purity records on this compound are omitted from the figure rather than drawn as a line. The full table, including the thin cells, is on the by-supplier page.

96.296.897.598.298.999.5100.2TFCTFC: Q1 98.86, median 99.27, Q3 99.69, n=30n=30GGPepsGGPeps: Q1 98.28, median 98.55, Q3 98.78, n=20outlier 97.50n=20WWBWWB: Q1 99.30, median 99.55, Q3 99.80, n=19n=19JEEPJEEP: Q1 99.24, median 99.48, Q3 99.66, n=12n=12QSCQSC: Q1 99.05, median 99.25, Q3 99.33, n=10n=10MKMMKM: Q1 97.99, median 98.20, Q3 98.55, n=10n=10KPKP: Q1 98.96, median 99.18, Q3 99.31, n=10n=10WXTWXT: Q1 96.70, median 96.78, Q3 97.17, n=9n=9CPCCPC: Q1 97.26, median 97.68, Q3 97.77, n=8n=8HomopeptideHomopeptide: Q1 99.93, median 99.93, Q3 99.93, n=8outlier 99.43n=8QYBQYB: Q1 98.83, median 99.17, Q3 99.60, n=8n=8ERPERP: Q1 98.39, median 98.47, Q3 98.61, n=8n=8SGNSGN: Q1 98.37, median 98.45, Q3 98.53, n=2n=2 Purity (% area)
Figure 3. Liraglutide purity by supplier, ordered by coverage. The vertical line is the index acceptance specification. Boxes that overlap are suppliers this dataset cannot separate, and most of them overlap.

Full per-supplier table with n= caveats →

Section 5

Characteristic impurities and degradants

The left three columns are authored chemistry — what this molecule characteristically carries and where it elutes. The right three are what the index has actually reported.

Named speciesΔRT (min, RG-2)Δ mass (Da)Seen inMedian % areaMax % area
γ-Glu regioisomer+0.41mass-identical92%0.081.19
des-palmitoyl liraglutide (−238 Da)-3.44-238.23087%0.181.49
deamidated (Asn→Asp, +1 Da)-0.48+0.98483%0.161.77
palmitoyl bis-adduct (+238 Da)+2.88+238.23079%0.062.12
des-His1 truncate (−137 Da)-1.02-137.05978%0.111.93
liraglutide dimer+3.15+3748.96367%0.070.51

Degradation pathways

  • palmitoyl amide hydrolysis under alkaline conditions
  • fibrillation at the isoelectric point (pH ≈ 4.6) — avoid acidic reconstitution

Full impurity profile, with what each named species implies about the synthesis →

Section 6

Clinical context

Included because it is routinely misapplied. Trial data describes a licensed medicinal product manufactured under a marketing authorisation, and it does not transfer to research-grade material of unknown provenance.

Liraglutide has the longest outcome record of the class: LEADER (NEJM, 2016) for cardiovascular safety and SCALE (NEJM, 2015) for weight. It is also the only compound in this class the index sees submitted as a pharmacy-diverted product rather than research material, and those submissions are labelled accordingly.

Section 7

Quarterly coverage

QuarterReportsMedian purityRange
2024-Q10n<3—
2024-Q20n<3—
2024-Q32799.4898.69–99.93
2024-Q42n<398.29–98.61
2025-Q11599.1998.67–99.55
2025-Q21299.4898.83–99.93
2025-Q31997.5496.45–98.85
2025-Q42698.7097.50–99.76
2026-Q1698.7097.61–99.30
2026-Q22998.8898.11–99.93
2026-Q31898.8896.98–99.93

Quarter-by-quarter detail →

Section 8

Most recent records

The 25 most recent Liraglutide records of 154.
ReportSupplierLotLabQuarterPurity %Water %Recovery %ProvenanceFlagsResult
AX-2026-041275WWBWWB-2607-X2189Nordanalyt2026-Q399.615.0397.3Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-043335CPCCPC-2602-G1978Janoshik2026-Q397.294.91—Laboratory-retained1FAIL
AX-2026-043332CPCCPC-2602-G1978Janoshik2026-Q397.164.8891.3Supplier-supplied1FAIL
AX-2026-041271WWBWWB-2607-X2189Medutest2026-Q399.935.2495.8Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-043336CPCCPC-2602-G1978Janoshik2026-Q397.694.58104.9Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-041652QSCQSC-2605-W8602Nordanalyt2026-Q399.336.55—Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-041273WWBWWB-2607-X2189Janoshik2026-Q399.874.27—Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-041272WWBWWB-2607-X2189Janoshik2026-Q399.154.1297.2Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-043330CPCCPC-2602-G1978Janoshik2026-Q397.904.58—Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-041653QSCQSC-2605-W8602VendorInvestigate2026-Q398.825.95—Buyer-sourced0PASS
AX-2026-043333CPCCPC-2602-G1978Janoshik2026-Q397.814.8590.1Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-041651QSCQSC-2605-W8602PeptideMeter2026-Q399.325.96—Supplier-supplied2FAIL
AX-2026-041274WWBWWB-2607-X2189Janoshik2026-Q399.554.6289.6Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-041654QSCQSC-2605-W8602Medutest2026-Q399.535.8889.2Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-043331CPCCPC-2602-G1978Janoshik2026-Q396.984.57—Buyer-sourced1FAIL
AX-2026-043334CPCCPC-2602-G1978Janoshik2026-Q397.674.07—Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-041650QSCQSC-2605-W8602PeptideMeter2026-Q398.955.9892.1Supplier-supplied1FAIL
AX-2026-043337CPCCPC-2602-G1978Medutest2026-Q397.754.77—Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-042268HomopeptideHOMO-2602-E2761Medutest2026-Q299.934.32—Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-041443QYBQYB-2511-V5143Janoshik2026-Q299.286.08—Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-042020TFCTFC-2511-E6528Janoshik2026-Q298.683.8589.3Supplier-supplied1MARGINAL
AX-2026-041442QYBQYB-2511-V5143Kestrel2026-Q299.785.75—Supplier-supplied1FAIL
AX-2026-041448QYBQYB-2511-V5143Janoshik2026-Q299.545.58—Supplier-supplied0PASS
AX-2026-042267HomopeptideHOMO-2602-E2761Janoshik2026-Q299.933.53—Supplier-supplied1FAIL
AX-2026-042269HomopeptideHOMO-2602-E2761Kestrel2026-Q299.934.3490.4Supplier-supplied0PASS